Research Paper Volume 14, Issue 6 pp 2590—2606

Figure 4. Results of inflammatory indicators in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. There was no statistically significant difference in the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α between POD and non-POD patients on preoperative and postoperative Day 1 (A, B). The levels of IL-1β and TNF-α on postoperative Day 3 were higher in POD patients than in non-POD patients (C). The levels of IL-1β on postoperative Day 7 were higher in POD patients than in non-POD patients (D). The preoperative levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in cerebrospinal fluid were higher in POD patients than in non-POD patients (E). POD: patients with postoperative delirium; NPOD: patients without postoperative delirium; Compared with NPOD, ^*p<0.05.