Research Paper Volume 14, Issue 2 pp 572—595

Figure 1. Treatment with D+Q improved cognitive ability in aged rats tested in the AAPAT on spatial memory. (A) Schematic diagram of the experimental design. Experiments consisted of 2 trainings, each with a different position of to-be-avoided place. The number of entries into the shock place (# of entries, B), the number of shocks (# shocks, C) and the number of shocks per one entry ratio (Shocks/entrance, D), together with maximum time avoided (E) and time to the first entry (F) during place avoidance training reflect changes in the learning abilities and memory in aged rats. Performance of place avoidance by young (3-mo old; YOUNG; N = 7) (black - vehicle, orange - D+Q) and aged (22-mo old; OLD; N = 7) (grey - vehicle, red - D+Q) rats in the AAPAT before and after 8 weeks of treatment with D+Q or vehicle (VEH) by oral gavage. Figures labeled with “I” depict comparison between 1st TRAINING and 2nd TRAINING, “II” between VEH and D+Q groups results of the 2nd TRAINING. The results are expressed as mean ± SEM, N = 7, ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001. Data obtained for groups at consecutive trials were compared using repeated measures two-way ANOVA (2 groups and 5 days).