Research Paper Volume 13, Issue 22 pp 24829—24849
Bone morphogenetic protein 9 enhances osteogenic and angiogenic responses of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells cocultured with umbilical vein endothelial cells through the PI3K/AKT/m-TOR signaling pathway
Figure 2. BMP9 enhances osteoblastic differentiation of hAMSCs cocultured with HUVECs in vitro. The adenovirus Ad-BMP9 (green) was shown to successfully transfect hAMSCs and HUVECs for 24 h (×100, bar: 50μm) (A); Ad-BMP9 upregulated the gene expression level of BMP9 over 17 times and 12 times of hAMSCs and HUVECs at 48 h, respectively (B); Overexpressed BMP9 enhanced ALP activity in hAMSCs cocultured with HUVECs at 3, 5 and 7 d (C); ALP biochemical quantification results showed BMP9 increased the expression of ALP in cocultured hAMSCs and HUVECs at 3, 5 and 7 d, respectively (D); The bone mineralization in each group were detected by Alizarin Red S staining assay under the treatment as shown at 14 and 21 d (E); The quantification of mineralization in each group were analyzed under the treatment as shown at 14 and 21 d (F) (*P < 0.05).