Research Paper Volume 13, Issue 18 pp 22588—22610

Figure 3. GPR43 gene trigger NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophage by regulation of mitochondrial fission. GPR43 protein expression in macrophage by down-regulation of GPR43 and LPS+ATP+GPR43 agonist (A); GPR43 protein expression in macrophage by up-regulation of GPR43 and LPS+ATP+GPR43 agonist (B); NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β protein expressions in cells and IL-1β protein expression in macrophage by up-regulation of GPR43 and LPS+ATP+GPR43 agonist (C); NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β protein expressions in cells and IL-1β protein expression in macrophage by down-regulation of GPR43 and LPS+ATP+GPR43 agonist (D); IL-1β and SOD levels in macrophage by up-regulation of GPR43 and LPS+ATP+GPR43 agonist (E, F); IL-1β and SOD levels in macrophage by down-regulation of GPR43 and LPS+ATP+GPR43 agonist (G, H); Representative electron microscopy images, area void of cristae (minimum of 40 mitochondria) was used to measure mitochondrial cristae density (I), Calcein-AM/CoCl2 assay (J), and Calcein-AM/CoCl2 assay and dissipation of Δψm by JC-1 assay (K) in macrophage by up-regulation of GPR43 and LPS+ATP+GPR43 agonist; Representative electron microscopy images, area void of cristae (minimum of 40 mitochondria) was used to measure mitochondrial cristae density (L), Calcein-AM/CoCl2 assay (J), and Calcein-AM/CoCl2 assay and dissipation of Δψm by JC-1 assay (M) in macrophage by down-regulation of GPR43 and LPS+ATP+GPR43 agonist (N). Negative, negative control; GPR43, over-expression of GPR43; NS, si-negative control; Si-GPR43, down-regulation of GPR43; LPS+ATP+4-CMTB, macrophage by treated with LP+ATP+4-CMTB. ##p<0.01 compared with negative control or si-negative control.