Research Paper Volume 13, Issue 15 pp 19207—19229

Figure 5. Age-associated reduction of hedgehog signaling promotes the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in microglia. (A) Young mice (2-3 months old) were injected intraperitoneally with vismodegib (75 mg/kg) or DMSO, and RNA was subsequently extracted 6 hours later from microglia. RT-qPCR was performed to measure the expression of indicated transcripts. mRNA expression levels were normalized to Actb (beta actin) and are shown relative to DMSO treated animals. Representative data from3 biological replicates are shown. (B) Microglia from young or old animals plated for 72 hours were treated with or without HhAg1.5 (Smo agonist) at the indicated doses for 24 hours. Tnf expression data measured by RT-qPCR are shown relative to young untreated cells. Error bars: s.d. Asterisks indicate Student's T test p values (*: < 0.05, **: < 0.01, ****: < 0.0001).