Research Paper Volume 13, Issue 8 pp 11595—11609
Exosomes derived from mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected MSCs induce a pro-inflammatory response of macrophages
Figure 4. Exo-MSCs-M.tb induced pro-inflammatory response of macrophages. (A) TNF-α levels in macrophages treated with M.tb-infected MSCs-conditioned medium (CM-MSCs-M.tb), M.tb-infected MSCs-CM plus GW4869, and Exo-MSCs-M.tb (20μg). (B) RANTES-α levels in macrophages treated with M.tb-infected MSCs-CM, M.tb-infected MSCs-CM plus GW4869, and Exo-MSCs-M.tb (20μg). (C) Apoptotic level of macrophages treated with PBS (control), Exo-MSCs-M.tb (20μg), and serum-deprivation treatment. Macrophages were stained with DAPI (blue), annexin V (green), and PI (red). Scale bar: 20 μm. (D) TNF-α levels in macrophages treated with apoptotic vesicles, Exo-MSCs-M.tb (20μg), and Exo-MSCs-M.tb plus DEVD-CHO (caspase-3 inhibitor), as detected by ELISA assay 24 hours after exosome treatment. (E) iNOS levels in macrophages treated with apoptotic vesicles, Exo-MSCs-M.tb (20μg), and Exo-MSCs-M.tb plus DEVD-CHO (caspase-3 inhibitor), as detected by western blotting assay. (F) Annexin V and FcRII/III levels in exosomes derived from MSCs or M.tb-infected MSCs, and apoptotic vesicles, as detected by flow cytometer. *p < 0.05.