Research Paper Volume 13, Issue 7 pp 10240—10274

Figure 1. Influences of maternal high sugar and fat diet on the gut microbiota of offspring during the growth stage. (A) The OTUs number of high sugar and fat diet (HSHF) group were low than in the standard diet; the 16S rRNA analysis showed significant differences for the abundance-based covered estimator (ACE, B), Chao 1 (C) and Shannon (D) indexes (p < 0.05); (E) the heatmap of genus bacterial of the whole gut microbiota compositions of the offspring birth from the standard diet and HSHF-diet fed mother at different growth phase (7, 14, 21, 28, 56 days). Also see in Supplementary Figures 1–4. The symbol of N1A is the 7-day control male samples, N1B is the 7-day control female samples, and N2A for 14-day, N3A for 21-day, N4A for 28-day, N5A for 56-day male samples, N2B for 14-day, N3B for 21-day, N4B for 28-day, N5B for 56-day female samples; M1A is the 7-day HSHF male samples, M1B is the 7-day HSHF female samples, and M2A for 14-day, M3A for 21-day, M4A for 28-day, M5A for 56-day male samples, M2B for 14-day, M3B for 21-day, M4B for 28-day, M5B for 56-day female samples. Data are presented as the means ± SD of 8 independent experiments. ^*p <0.05 and ^**p <0.01 vs. the model group by one-way ANOVA, followed by the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at p < 0.05.