Figure 1. Detection of differentially expressed genes in hypertrophic ligamentum flavum tissue samples from lumbar spinal stenosis patients. (A) A heat map was used to display differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified when comparing non-hypertrophic and hypertrophic ligamentum flavum (LFN and LFH, respectively) tissue samples. Up- and down-regulated genes are shown in red and blue, respectively. n = 3. (B) DEGs were arranged in Volcano plots. (C) Differential SIRT6 and telomere function-related gene expression was confirmed via qRT-PCR, with GAPDH being used as a normalization control. n = 30. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 vs. LFN.