Research Paper Volume 12, Issue 14 pp 15058—15076

Figure 1. Group-level comparison of VRF scores in the AD spectrum population and its behavioral significance. A: The results illustrated that there was a significant increase in the VRF scores in the AD spectrum (F_{(3, 188)}= 4.53, p=0.004). B and C: VRF scores were significantly correlated with cognitive impairment severity, which was measured by the MMSE and ADAS-Cog scores, after controlling for the effects of age, gender and gray matter volumes. This finding directly indicates that a higher VRF scores is associated with a greater severity of cognitive impairment. Abbreviations: VRF, vascular risk factor; CN, cognitively normal; EMCI, early mild cognitive impairment; LMCI, late mild cognitive impairment; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; ADAS-Cog, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale; VRF, vascular risk factor.