Research Paper Volume 12, Issue 16 pp 16083—16098

Figure 1. Chidamide decreases autophagic flux in CLL cells. (A) Immunoblotting analysis of autophagic flux in primary CLL cells after chidamide (CHI, 4μmol/L) treatment for 24 hours in the presence or absence of chloroquine (CQ, 10μmol/L). LC3 and SQSTM1 are indicated, as well as GAPDH that was used as a loading control. Shown are two representative blots from the samples of 16 patients. (B) Electron microscopic analysis of primary CLL cells in the presence or absence of chidamide (CHI, 4μmol/L) treatment for 24 hours. Arrows indicate autophagic structures and arrowheads indicate fragments of nucleus. (C, D) Immunoblotting analysis of autophagic flux in MEC-1 and JVM-3 cell lines respectively after chidamide (CHI, 8 or 16μmol/L) treatment for 24 hours in the presence or absence of chloroquine (CQ, 10μmol/L). (E) Levels of LC3 and SQSTM1 were assessed by immunoblotting in the presence or absence of chidamide (8μmol/L) in time-course experiments in MEC-1 cell line. GAPDH was used as a loading control. The bar graphs and the line graph showed the expression level of proteins with respect to the control groups. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ***P<0.0001.