Figure 2.TGF-β signaling is elevated during the chondrogenic differentiation stage during HO development. (A–C) The immunohistological staining of CD68+ cells (brown). (D–H) The immunohistological staining of TGF-β1+ cells (brown). (I–K) The immunohistological staining of phosphorylated Smad2/3+ cells (brown). *p < 0.05 as determined by one-way ANOVA test.
