Figure 5. α-diversity and β-diversity of fecal microbiota transplant in pseudo germ-free mice. (A) Chao 1 index (One-way ANOVA; F3,24 = 21.28, P < 0.001). (B) Observed species index (One-way ANOVA; F3,24 = 17.29, P < 0.001). (C) PD whole tree (One-way ANOVA; F3,24 = 16.76, P < 0.001). (D) Shannon index (One-way ANOVA; F3,24 = 50.19, P < 0.001). Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 7). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. (E) PCoA analysis of gut bacteria data (Bray–Curtis dissimilarity). (F) NMDS analysis of gut bacteria data. NMDS: non-metric multi-dimensional scaling; PCoA: principal coordinates analysis.