Figure 2. Enhanced heat and oxidative stress tolerance by prenatal HN exposure in both sex. HN exposure led to significantly increased resistance to heat stress in male (A) p =0.0001; female flies (D) p =0.021 and oxidative stress (C) male, p =0.031; (F) female, p =0.0004. HN exposure affected starvation resistance in female (B) p <0.0001) but not in male flies (E) p =0.2004). HN-treated flies presented a significant increased (black: controls; grey: HN exposure).