Research Paper Advance Articles

Figure 1. Arg-ii^-/- mice reveal improved physical activity in aging. Diurnal voluntary physical activities (as revolution/hour on an average of 7 days in the wheel running cages under 12:12 light-dark conditions: 0-12, light-on (resting phase, white bar); 12–24, light-off (active phase, black bar) of young and old wild type (wt) and arg-ii^-/- (ko) male (A–C) and female mice (D–F). (A, D) General activities of wheel running in males and females respectively; (B, E) Quantification of the general or total wheel-running activities during light-on and light-off in males and females, respectively. Graphs show the counting of total wheel revolutions during 24 hours in the young and old wt and ko mice. (C, F) Graphs show wheel running activities during light-on (white bar) and light-off (black bar) in males and females, respectively. Data are reported as means ± SEM. Combined one-way ANOVA and unpaired t-test with Welch’s correction were applied. n = 4 to 5 mice for each group. (G) Non-voluntary physical activities (treadmill fatigue test) in old male and female wt and arg-ii^-/- mice. A parametric unpaired t-test with Welch’s correction was applied. n = 5 animals for each group. ^*p < 0.05. (H) Body weight in old male and female wt and arg-ii^-/- mice. One-way ANOVA was applied with n = 5 animals for each group. ^***p < 0.001. (I) Traction test measuring the success rate of lifting their weight to lean all the paws on a horizontally suspended bar. A contingency test was performed with n = 11–12 mice for each group. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001, and ^****p < 0.0001 between the indicated groups.