Research Paper Volume 16, Issue 18 pp 12443—12472

Figure 3. Lower housing densities in the juvenile stage extend adult lifespan. (A, B) The schemes for measuring the adult lifespan from reaching the young adult stage are shown at the top. The hatched fish were reared at a density of 1 or 40 fish per tank (A) or 1, 2, or 10 fish per tank (B) until 3 wph. After 3 wph, all the fish were reared individually. The age at which the fish reached the young adult stage was defined as zero weeks of adult age. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves (three independent experiments were pooled) of adult males (upper panel), females (middle panel), and both males and females (lower panel) are shown. The percentage indicates the rate of increase in the average lifespan. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01 by log-rank test. The three lowest graphs show the mean lifespan. Each point represents the mean lifespan in each independent experiment. The data are shown as the mean ± S.D. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ns, not significant by the log-rank test. G: group-housed fish, S: single-housed fish, N: number of fish analyzed.