Figure 2. Immune microenvironment in COPD induced by cigarette smoke. (A, B) Mass cytometry was utilized to examine alterations in immune cell composition in the lung tissue of the COPD C57BL/6 mouse model (n = 5 replicates). (C, D) Moreover, flow cytometry analysis revealed a significant rise in immune cells in the lung tissue of COPD mice. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 3-5 replicates). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.