Research Paper Volume 16, Issue 16 pp 12029—12049

Figure 2. Elevated expression and diagnostic potential of UBR1 in gastric cancer. (A) UBR1 expression levels were analyzed using the TCGA and GTEx databases to provide a comprehensive overview of its expression in gastric cancer (GC). (B–D) To further validate and compare findings, UBR1 expression was examined across three GEO datasets: GSE54129, GSE66229, and GSE118916. (E) Immunohistochemical tissue microarray images from the HPA database highlighted UBR1 protein expression in various tissues. (F) Immunohistochemical protein expression levels of UBR1 in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. (G) Analysis of UBR1 mRNA levels in 21 pairs of GC and adjacent tissue samples showed significant differences, emphasizing its elevated expression in cancer tissues (^****p < 0.0001, ^***p < 0.001, ^**p < 0.01, ^*p < 0.05). (H) qPCR verification confirmed the elevated levels of UBR1 mRNA in four GC cell lines (MGC803, MKN45, AGS, and HGC27) compared to normal gastric mucosal cells (GES-1) (^****p < 0.0001, ^***p < 0.001, ^**p < 0.01, ^*p < 0.05). (I) Western blot analysis validated the protein expression of UBR1 in GES-1, MGC803, MKN45, AGS, and HGC27 cells, corroborating the mRNA findings. (J) Using data from the HPA database, predicted pathways and functions of UBR1 were identified, showing enrichment in AGS cells. (K) ROC curve analysis, based on TCGA data, evaluated the diagnostic potential of UBR1 in GC patients.