Research Paper Volume 16, Issue 13 pp 10882—10904
Disorder of neuroplasticity aggravates cognitive impairment via neuroinflammation associated with intestinal flora dysbiosis in chronic heart failure
Figure 3. CHF triggers the inflammatory responses via the activation of microglia and astrocytes. (A–D) The content of TNF-α (A), IL-1β (B), IL-10 (C), and BDNF (D) in the hippocampus was detected by ELISA n = 6. (E, F) Iba1 immunofluorescence staining in the hippocampus and their quantitative analysis. Green: Iba1; Blue: DAPI. Scale bars: 20 μm n = 4. (G, H) GFAP immunofluorescence staining in the hippocampus and their quantitative analysis. Green: GFAP; Blue: DAPI. Scale bars: 20 μm n = 4. (I–K) Representative Western blots (I) and quantification data of Iba1 (J) and GFAP (K). β-actin was used as a loading control. Data are presented as the Mean ± SEM; *P < 0.05, and **P < 0.01 vs. Sham; n = 3.