Research Paper Volume 16, Issue 3 pp 1983—2004

Figure 5. Effect of GV1001 on senescence. Markers of senescence were studied in middle-aged and old 3xTg-AD mice treated with GV1001 or saline. (A) GV1001 markedly reduced the expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase, a well-known senescence marker, in old-aged 3xTg-AD mice. (B, C) Telomerase activity and telomere length were evaluated as senescence markers. GV1001 significantly increased both parameters in old-aged 3xTg-AD mice (B and C, respectively). (D) The expression of senescence markers, such as p53, p16^Ink4a, interleukin-6, and high mobility group protein B1, in the brains of old 3xTg-AD mice treated with GV1001 and saline, was assessed, and the results showed that the expression levels of all senescence markers decreased in old-aged 3xTg-AD mice after treatment with GV1001. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01 (vs. the control group). Scale bar = 30 μm (a, b).