Research Paper Volume 16, Issue 2 pp 1663—1684
Usenamine A triggers NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma by targeting the DDX3X/SQSTM1 axis
Figure 4. Usenamine A promotes LUAD cell pyroptosis by upregulating DDX3X. (A, B) Relative mRNA and protein expression of DDX3X were measured by RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively. (C) H1299 cell viability was determined using the CCK-8 assay. (D) H1299 cell apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry. (E) LDH, IL-1β, and IL-18 levels in cells were measured using commercial ELISA kits. (F) Relative protein expression of NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway-related proteins was measured using western blotting. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 vs. Control; $p < 0.05 and $$p < 0.01 vs. usenamine A (2 μg/mL) + sh-NC. DDX3X, DEAD-Box helicase 3 X-Linked; GSDMD, gasdermin D; LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma; NLRP3, NOD-like receptor pyrin 3; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR.