Research Paper Volume 16, Issue 2 pp 1390—1398

Figure 2. GAN inhibited macrophage M2 polarization induced by MFC co-culture. (A–C) M1 macrophage markers (n = 3). MFC co-culture produced unobvious effects on M1 markers, nor did GAN produce any promoting effect on M1 markers, showing insignificant inter-group differences. (D–F) M2 macrophage marker (n = 3). GAN could inhibit the effects of MFC and lower the levels of M2 markers, showing significant differences from the MFC group. (G, H) Relative protein expressions (n = 3). GAN could inhibit the STAT6 phosphorylation and lower the p-STAT6 level. ^*P < 0.05 vs. DMSO; ^#P < 0.05 vs. IL-4.