Figure 4. The effects of EE on MSD-induced alterations in Iba-1, SYN, PSD-95, PGC-1α, and Sirt1 levels in the hippocampus of aging mice (n = 8). The Iba-1 (A), SYN (B), PSD-95 (C), PGC-1α (D), and Sirt1 (E) mRNA levels in the hippocampus. **P < 0.01 vs. males in the control (CON) group; ##P < 0.01 vs. males in the MSD group; $P < 0.05 and $$P < 0.01 vs. females in the CON group; &P < 0.05 and &&P < 0.01 vs. females in the MSD group.