Figure 3. Effects of DMC-HA on the Smad pathway in glioma cells. (A) Western blot analysis was conducted to assess the expression of p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 after a 60-minute treatment with TGF-β1. (B) Western blot analysis was employed to examine the expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin following combined treatment with TGF-β1 and SB431542. (C) Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 after co-treatment with TGF-β1 and DMC-HA.