Research Paper Volume 15, Issue 24 pp 14900—14914

Figure 4. Acetylshikonin induced intracellular ROS production and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. (A, B) Flow cytometry results indicating ROS production in H1299 and A549 cells following incubation with acetylshikonin (0.5–10 μM) and H₂DCFDA for 30 min (n = 4). (C) Fluorescence microscope images used to analyze the MMP of NSCLC cells following incubation with acetylshikonin (0.5–10 μM) for 24 h and JC-1 staining for 30 min (n = 4). Scale bar = 50 μm. Untreated cells were used as controls. Results are shown as means ± SD. ^*p < 0.05 compared to untreated control.