Figure 1. Flowchart of the study procedure. A total of 1,687 patients aged ≥80 years were diagnosed with AF. Ultimately, 782 patients with NVAF using DOACs (Ablation group, n = 212; Medication group, n = 570) were included in this study as a crude cohort. After propensity score matching, 208 patients were extracted from each group. Abbreviations: AF: atrial fibrillation; NVAF: nonvalvular AF; DOAC: direct oral anticoagulant.