Research Paper Volume 15, Issue 7 pp 2705—2720

Figure 4. Berberine ameliorated ICH-induced neuroinflammation and brain injury after ICH in gut microbiota-dependent manner. (A, B) Before ICH, the mice were received the broad-spectrum ABX treatment for 4 weeks. Immunostaining for CD16⁺Iba-1⁺/ Iba-1⁺ in ICH + Vehicle + Ber and ICH + ABX + Ber group after ICH day 3. (n = 5 per group). (C, D) Immunostaining for Arg1⁺Iba-1⁺/Iba-1⁺ in ICH + Vehicle + Ber and ICH + ABX + Ber group after ICH day 3. (n = 5 per group). (E–G) qRT-PCR examined the levels of mRNA transcription of IL-1β, TNF-α, and CD16 in ICH + Vehicle + Ber and ICH + ABX + Ber group after ICH day 3. (n = 6 per group). (H, I) qRT-PCR examined the levels of mRNA transcription of Arg-1 and CD206 in ICH + Vehicle + Ber and ICH + ABX + Ber group after ICH day 3. (n = 6 per group). (J–L) Cylinder test, forelimb place test, and the wire hanging test in ICH + Vehicle + Ber and ICH + ABX + Ber group after ICH day 3. (n = 10 per group). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. ^#P < 0.05. ^##P < 0.01. ^###P < 0.001 sham vs. ICH + Vehicle + Ber group. ^*P < 0.05. ^**P < 0.01. ^***P < 0.001 ICH + Vehicle + Ber vs. ICH + ABX + Ber group. Scale bar = 100 μm.