Figure 2. Plot of sensitivity analysis for unmeasured confounding. Each point along the curve defines a joint relationship between the two sensitivity parameters that could move the observed association between nicorandil use and incident atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (RR = 1.66) to the null (RR = 1). Each point along the curve defines a joint relationship between the two sensitivity parameters that could potentially explain away the estimated effect. If one of the two parameters are smaller than the E-value, the other must be larger, as defined by the plotted curve.