Research Paper Volume 14, Issue 15 pp 6149—6168

Interleukin-17D promotes lung cancer progression by inducing tumor-associated macrophage infiltration via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway

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Figure 2. IL-17D overexpression does not affect the biological behavior of tumor cells in vitro, but promotes tumor progression in vivo. (A) Cell proliferation measurements (BrdU) compared between IL-17D–expressing and control cells (n = 5–6). (B) IL-17D–expressing cancer cells and control cells were subjected to invasion assay. Error bars represent the means ± standard deviation (SD) for a representative experiment performed in triplicate. Scale bars, 100 μm. (C) IL-17D–expressing A549 cells and control cells were subjected to a wound healing assay. Error bars represent the means ± SD for a representative experiment performed in triplicate. Scale bar, 100 μm. (D) Subcutaneous tumor growth of IL-17D–expressing and control LLC1 cells were measured (n = 5). Control and IL-17D–expressing LLC1 cell lines were harvested and injected into WT mice (100% tumor positive). Data are representative of three independent experiments. ***P < 0.001. (E) Images of subcutaneous tumors. Tumors were excised at day 15 after subcutaneous injection. (F) Subcutaneous tumor weight was measured and compared. **P < 0.01.