Research Paper Volume 14, Issue 11 pp 4897—4913

Figure 3. Aging attenuates proliferation, migration and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). (A) Cell proliferation, evaluated by measuring BrdU incorporation into cells, (B) cell migration after 24 hours, (C) tube formation, evaluated by the branched points, and (D) expressions of P-PI3K, PI3K, P-AKT, AKT, P-STAT3, STAT3 and proliferation-associated proteins of MMP9, VEGF, VEGFR2 and the phosphorylation form of VEGFR2 in young (<10 passage) and aged HUVECs (≥30 passage) with and without hypoxia treatment for 24 hours. The experiment was conducted in triplicate, ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001 and, ^****P < 0.0001.