Research Paper Volume 13, Issue 23 pp 25342—25364

Figure 9. Galangin enhances TGFβ/Smad collagen synthesis pathway and attenuates dermal senescence as well as inhibition of hsa-miR-4535 expression in UVB-exposed HS68 cells. HS68 cells were exposed to UVB (40 mJ/cm²) and then treated with galangin (30 μM) for 23 h. (A) Protein expression of collagen synthesis-related pathway components (TGFβ, p-smad2/3, Smad4, COL1A1, COL3A1), collagen degradation-related protein (MMP-1), and senescence-associated markers (p16 and p21) was detected by western blot. GAPDH was used as a loading control. (B and C) RNA expression of hsa-miR-4535 and Smad4 was detected by qRT-PCR. Values are shown as mean ± SE. Quantification of the results is shown (n = 3) ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, vs untreated control cells; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 vs UVB-exposed cells.