Figure 7. Exercise training device. (A) For young and adult flies, vials were vertically loaded in exercise device, and rotated 180° to make flies constantly climb (Just as Power Tower, overcoming weight = total body weight). (B) For aged flies (From 4-week to 5-week old flies in this study), vials were loaded in exercise device, and their long axis is at an Angle of 45° degrees to the horizontal plane (Overcoming weight = total body weight ×sin45°). When aged flies climbed and reached the top of vial, the vial were rotated 90° degrees to make flies constantly climb.