Research Paper Volume 13, Issue 9 pp 12955—12972

Figure 7. Inhibition of autophagy or mitophagy promotes apoptosis. (A) MDA-MB-231 cells were pretreated with CQ or 3-MA for 1 h, and the treated with 20 μM of warangalone for 12 h. Representative Western blots showed the expression of PARP. GAPDH was used as the loading control. Protein expression of PARP was quantified by densitometry and normalized to GAPDH (ratio PARP:GAPDH). (B) PINK1 was knockdown by PINK1 siRNA in MDA-MB-231 cells. After treatment with 20 μM warangalone for 12 h, Western blotting was used to detect the expression of PINK1 and PARP. GAPDH was used as the loading control. Protein expression of PARP was quantified by densitometry and normalized to GAPDH (ratio PARP:GAPDH). (C) Illustration of the possible mechanism by which warangalone acts on breast cancer cells.