Research Paper Volume 12, Issue 18 pp 18522—18544

Figure 6. AMPK phosphorylation mediated the effects of GPA on decreasing ROS production. THP-1 cells were primed with LPS for 4 h, followed by GPA treatment 6 h before stimulation with ATP for 30 min, immunoblot analyzed of AMPK phosphorylation in cell lysate of THP-1 cells (A). Immunoblot analyzed of AMPK phosphorylation in colon tissues of mice (B). THP-1 cells were primed with LPS, followed by GPA, Compound C or GSK621 treatment 6 h before stimulation with ATP for 30 min. Levels of the ROS was measured in THP-1 cells (C). Cell death was measured by and LDH released (D). Immunoblot analyzed of IL-1β in supernatants and cell lysate of THP-1 cells (E). IL-1β in supernatants of THP-1 cells was detected by ELISA (F). Immunoblot analyzed of mitochondrial components of NLRP3 inflammasome in THP-1 cells (G). Data are presented as mean ± SD, three independent experiments. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01 and ^***p < 0.001.