Figure 11. Specimen evaluation in animal models. (A, D) Representative images of safranin-O-stained rat knee joint sections with different treatments and the related Mankin scores of the three groups. Scale bar=200 μm. Data represent the mean ± SD (n = 30) and were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test. ** p < 0.01 versus the OA group. (B) Representative immunohistochemistry images against MMP-13, COX-2, caspase-3, ADAMTS5, and Col2a1. Scale bar=200 μm; (C) Quantitative optical density analysis of immunohistochemistry for the different groups. Data represent the mean ± SD (n = 30) and were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test. **p < 0.01 versus the OA group.