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Online ISSN: 1945-4589

Research Paper|Volume 12, Issue 2|pp. 1545–1562

Antihypertensive medications are associated with the risk of kidney and bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Figure 3.Forest plot of association between using each class of antihypertensive medications and kidney cancer risk: (A) ACEI and kidney cancer risk; (B) ARB and kidney cancer risk; (C) BB and kidney cancer risk; (D) CCB and kidney cancer risk; (E) diuretics and kidney cancer risk; (F) any antihypertensive medications and kidney cancer risk.