Figure 1. Brain tissue volume changes in patients with GH-PA compared to NonFun-PA and HCs. Statistical analysis of total intracranial volume (TIV) (A), normalized GM volume (nGMV) (B), normalized WM volume (nGWV) (C), and normalized CSF volume (nCSFV) (D) among three groups. Significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test. ns represents no significant difference, ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001.