Review Volume 9, Issue 6 pp 1477—1536

Figure 2. Pleiotropic effects of curcumin on signaling pathways involved in cell growth. Curcumin can induce many pathways which may result in suppression of cell growth, induction of apoptosis, autophagy, senescence or inhibition of cell cycle progression. These events are indicated by red arrows. In addition, CUR treatment can result in the suppression of many important proteins which result in decreased growth, EMT, metastasis or inflammation. These events are indicated by black closed arrows.