Figure 1.The TOR intracellular signaling pathway. Nutrients, GF (growth factors)
and insulin activate the TOR pathway, which is involved in aging and
age-related diseases. Other genetic factors and environmental factors
(e.g., smoking) contribute to specific age-related diseases. Three
potential anti-aging modalities (metformin, calorie restriction and
rapamycin) all inhibit the TOR pathway.
