Review Volume 1, Issue 3 pp 281—288
Validation of anti-aging drugs by treating age-related diseases
Figure 1. The TOR intracellular signaling pathway. Nutrients, GF (growth factors) and insulin activate the TOR pathway, which is involved in aging and age-related diseases. Other genetic factors and environmental factors (e.g., smoking) contribute to specific age-related diseases. Three potential anti-aging modalities (metformin, calorie restriction and rapamycin) all inhibit the TOR pathway.