Research Paper Volume 16, Issue 7 pp 6566—6587

Transcranial direct current stimulation promotes angiogenesis and improves neurological function via the OXA-TF-AKT/ERK signaling pathway in traumatic brain injury

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Figure 5. The crucial role of OXA in tDCS-mediated restoration of the blood-brain barrier in TBI rats. (A) On the third day following TBI, representative images of Evans blue extravasation in the brains of each experimental group were obtained (n = 3). (B) Quantitative analysis of the EB dye extravasation (n = 3). (C) Brain hemisphere water content three days after TBI (n = 3). (D) Representative western blotting images of TJP1, Occludin and VE-Cadherin on 14 days post-TBI. Using GAPDH as an internal reference for band density normalization (n = 3). (E) Quantification of western blotting for TJP1 expression (n = 3). (F) Quantification of western blotting for Occludin expression (n = 3). (G) Quantification of western blotting for VE-Cadherin expression (n = 3). Results are expressed as means ± standard deviation, the statistical significance of differences was evaluated by One-way ANOVA, *denotes the comparison between the Sham group and the TBI group, #represents the comparison between the TBI and the Sham-tDCS group, &signifies the comparison between the tDCS group and the Sham-tDCS group, and ¥indicates the comparison between the tDCS group and the tDCS+SB334867 group. P < 0.05 indicates statistical significance.