Research Paper Volume 16, Issue 7 pp 6566—6587

Figure 1. tDCS promotes angiogenesis at the injury site and reduces neurological deficits and tissue damage. (A) Timeline of the animal experiments. (B) Representative gross images of brain tissue from the four groups of rats and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to visualize the necrotic areas (n = 3). (C, D) After TBI, we assessed the neural function of rats using the Modified Neurological Severity Scores (mNSS) before and two weeks following tDCS treatment (n = 6). (E) Immunohistochemistry staining for the representative vascular marker CD31 was performed on brain tissue from the four groups of rats at the injury site (n = 3). (F) Representative western blotting images of CD31 and VEGFA on 14 days post-TBI. Using GAPDH as an internal reference for band density normalization (n = 3). (G, H) Quantification of western blotting for CD31, VEGFA expression (n = 3). Results are expressed as means ± standard deviation, the statistical significance of differences was evaluated by One-way ANOVA, ^*represents the comparison between the Sham group and the TBI group, ^#signifies the comparison between the TBI group and the tDCS group, and ^&denotes the comparison between the tDCS group and the Sham-tDCS group. P < 0.05 indicates statistical significance.